拓扑材料中的超导

近来,人们在凝聚态体系中发现了由拓扑不变量定义的物相,其中最重要的有拓扑绝缘体、拓扑半金属和拓扑超导体等.这些物相的拓扑性质由非平凡的拓扑数描述,相应的材料被称为拓扑材料,具有诸多新奇的物理特性.其中拓扑超导体由于边界上有满足非阿贝尔统计的Majorana零能模,成为实现拓扑量子计算的主要候选材料.除了探索本征的拓扑超导体外,由于拓扑性质上的相似性,在不超导的拓扑材料中调制出超导自然成为了实现拓扑超导的重要手段.目前,人们发展了栅极调制、掺杂、高压、近邻效应调制和硬针尖点接触等多种技术,已经成功地在许多拓扑绝缘体和半金属中诱导出了超导,并对超导的拓扑性和Majorana零能模进行了研究.本文回顾了本征拓扑超导候选材料,以及拓扑绝缘体和半金属中诱导出超导的代表性工作,评述了不同实验手段的优势和缺陷、分析了其超导拓扑性的证据,并提出展望.     

Computing upward topological book embeddings of upward planar digraphs

We describe a unified approach for studying book, point-set, and simultaneous embeddability problems of upward planar digraphs. The approach is based on a linear time strategy to compute an upward planar drawing of an upward planar digraph such that all vertices are collinear. Besides having impact in relevant application domains of graph drawing and computational geometry, the presented results open new research directions in the area of upward planarity with constraints of the positions of the vertices.     

Nd0.5Ca0.5Mn1-xAlxO3 (x=0,0.03)体系中电荷有序态的超声研究

系统研究了Nd0．5Ca0．5Mn1-xAlxO3(x=0,0．03)单相多晶样品在低温下的电磁性质和超声特性．电阻和磁化率测量表明,Nd0．5Ca0.5O3体系在TCO-257 K处发生了电荷有序相变．超声声速从室温开始随着温度的降低逐渐减小,并在TCO附近达到最小,之后,随着温度的进一步降低,声速急刷增加,同时伴随着一个尖锐的超声衰减峰出现.TCO附近的超声异常表明体系中存在着强烈的电-声子相互作用,该电-声子耦合来源于Mn3 的Jahn-Teller效应．在低温下,出现了另一个超声衰减峰,它的出现归结为反铁磁相与顺磁相之间的相分离现象.随着Al在Mn位的掺入,超声声速的最低点和衰减峰向低温移动,表明体系中的电荷有序态和反铁磁相均被部分抑制,     

Sparse graph certificates for mixed connectivity

We give a short proof for the Mixed Connectivity Certificate Theorem of Even, Itkis and Rajsbaum and provide an upper bound on the edge number of a certificate of local T-mixed connectivity up to k.     

Cyclic permutations and evolutionary trees

Given a tree with leaf set X, there are certain ways of arranging the elements of X in a circular order so that can be embedded in the plane and ‘preserve’ this ordering. We investigate some new combinatorial properties of these ‘circular orderings.’ We then use these properties to establish two results concerning dissimilarity maps on X that are induced by edge-weighted trees with leaf set X.     

A note on strong β-I-sets and strongly β-I-continuous functions

Summary In [6], we introduced and investigated the notions of strong β-I-open sets and strong β-I-continuous functions in ideal topological spaces. In this paper, we investigate further their important properties.     

On the Existence of Solutions to Vector Quasivariational Inequalities and Quasicomplementarity Problems with Applications Break to Traffic Network Equilibria

For vector quasivariational inequalities involving multifunctions in topological vector spaces, an existence result is obtained without a monotonicity assumption and with a convergence assumption weaker than semicontinuity. A new type of quasivariational inequality is proposed. Applications to quasicomplementarity problems and traffic network equilibria are considered. In particular, definitions of weak and strong Wardrop equilibria are introduced for the case of multivalued cost functions.     

Demand variability and incentives in inventory-based contracts

We present some results on the impact of demand variability on stocking policies and incentives to forecast, in the context of single period inventory-based contracts in a manufacturer-retailer channel.     

Influence of radiation on thin ZnS-Tb films

Changes in thin zinc-sulfide films under the action of the γ-radiation of Co⁶⁰ are studied by investigating electroluminescence spectra of terbium embedded in these films as a luminescent probe. It is shown that changes in the relation of the intensities of bands, a decrease in their halfwidth and the background component, and simplification of the spectrum are observed in a short-wave region of the Tb radiation spectrum that corresponds to⁵D₃→⁷F_j transitions. The same modification of the radiation spectrum is characteristic of ZnS films whose crystalline structure is ordered in the course of thermal annealing at a temperature of 350°C. Based on the analysis of the data obtained it is inferred that irradiating the ZnS films with small radiation doses of 10⁴–10⁵ rad leads to the ordering of their crystalline structure due to the elimination of one of the types of structural defects. Institute of Physics of Semiconductors, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45, Nauka Ave., Kiev-28, 252650. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 338–341, May–June, 1997.     

A Fixed Point Theorem for Multi—valued Composite Increasing Operators

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